Electric Charges & Fields
Frictional Electricity-
If a glass rod is rubbed with a silk cloth or a founten pen with a coat-sleeve, it is able to attract
small pieces of paper,straw,lightfeathers etc. Similarly a plastic comb passed through a dry hair can attract such light objects.
The property of rubbed substances due to which they attract light objects is called frictional electricity.
The electricity developed by rubbing or friction is called frictional or static electricity. The rubbed substances which show the property of aatraction are said to have become electrified or electric charged.
Electric Charge-
Electric charge is an intrinsic property of elementary particles of matter which gives rise to electric force between various objects.Electric charged is a scalar quantity. Its SI unit is Coulomb(c). A proton has a positive charge (+e) and an electron has a -ve charge (-e).
Where e= charge of electron
Electrostatics-
Electrostatics is the study of electric charges is at rest.
ELECTROSTATICS NOTES
Basic Property of Electric Charge-
1. Additivity
2. Quantization
3.Conservation
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Additive Nature of Charge-
It means that the total charge of a system is the algebric sum of all the individual charges located at different points inside the system.
Quantization of electric charge-
Electric charge occur in discrete amount instead of continous amount is called quantization of electric charge.
The quantization of electric charge means that the total charge of a body is always an integral multiple of a basic quantum of charge (e).
q= ne
where n= 0,1,2....
Conservation of charge-
The total charge of an isolated system remains constant. The electric charges can neither be created nor destroyed. They can only be transformed from one body to another.
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